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A
Narrative
of House MusicMany quip that the days disco music have come and gone. However, our
contemporary historical moment in popular music speaks otherwise. House music and its
offshoots and close cousins of hip-hop, techno, drum and bass, and trance have been coined
as the dance musics of the nineties and are the soundtracks of club culture in America and
numerous countries around the world. All of these musics place a prime emphasis on
rhythmic structure, or the beat, in the dissemination and mediation of these musics to
their respective audiences. Likewise, the musical production of these vibrating
compositions are almost exclusively created by electronic drum machines, computer
programs, samplers, and other forms of music and media technologies.
Disco Diva Thelma
Houston

House music is the
obvious musical descendent of disco. Like disco, the growth and popularity
of house music began in underground African American and Latino gay clubs in
major metropolitan areas of Chicago and New York City. Disco and house music
both showcase the vocal abilities of African American women whose lyrics
often spoke of inclusive acceptance of all, freedom, love, and struggles in
contemporary relationships. Likewise, the centrality of the beat is evident
in disco and house music.
The determined rhythms of jazz,
blues, and rock n roll were disseminated though new media technologies. Media
scholar Marshall McLuhan contends that, "[r]adio was inseparable from the rise of
jazz culture as TV has been inseparable from the rise of rock culture." In addition
to the utilization of communicative media technologies, disco music used the digitized
technologies of drum machines, synthesizers, and samplers, as primary instruments in the
actual creation and production of the music itself. Many note that disco music was
essentially up-tempo soul and R&B recordings popularized in African American and
Latino gay urban clubs during the early 1970s.
The hegemonic force of rock n roll
reluctantly gave way to the new, different and digitized rhythm of disco as it gained
popularity in the mid to late seventies with its brief ascendance in the popular music
charts throughout the United States. Mainstream Americas previous concerns over
alleged sinister erotic beats in blues, jazz, and rock n roll now applied to
disco music. Concurrently, discos elevation of electronically programmed
beats along with its irrelevance to the guitar infuriated many rockers. Debates
surrounding the inauthenticity of disco music also fueled the rock establishments
fire. The public distaste over watered down disco music culminated in the much-publicized
Disco Sucks campaign of 1979 in Chicagos Cominsky Park where disco met
its commercial ruin. But the music did not die. It returned to the black and Latino gay
dance clubs where discos revenge was sanctioned through house music, interestingly
enough, in Chicago, the very city that showcased discos spectacular demise.
There are many histories that
acknowledge various tenants of house music's cultural production, consumption, and
subsequent dissemination and they are crucial in expressing diverse narratives and
documentation. Diva Delight focuses on a particular genealogy of house as
traced through underground African American and Latino gay clubs in Chicago, New York, and
New Jersey as places of refuge from homophobia and racism. The disco music of the
1970s is often cited as the progenitor of house music. House music is characterized
by the continuous 4/4 beat, the use of new music technologies (drum machines, turntables)
and motifs of love and freedom. The articulation of house lyrical texts is mediated
through, though not exclusively, African American women as house divas.
One
particular DJ whom many note as the one of the
godfathers of house music is Frankie Knuckles. Beginning in 1977 as
resident DJ of the Warehouse club in Chicago, Knuckles proved to be both
a sensation and inspiration to his mainly black and Latino gay club
clientele. Concurrently, the legendary Larry Levan was resident DJ at the Paradise
Garage club in New York City. Crucially included as godfathers of house are Ron Hardy,
Farley 'Jackmaster' Funk, Tee Scott, Steve 'Silk' Hurley, Jesse Saunders, Chip E, and
Fingers Inc, among numerous other house music deities.
 In keeping with the
house motifs of love, peace and togetherness, the term family was the whole
community of house enthusiasts, gay, straight, bisexual, Asian, white, and otherwise. The
children or kids of house is a term that some house enthusiasts
use to describe themselves. Given the subversive structure for this family household,
the children went to work on the dancefloor. The Black woman,
personified as the house diva, is gendered to be the mother of the house.
Unlike notions of the glamorized mammy, the historicity of house divas is placed within
African American musical traditions of the gospel church that featured matriarchal lead
vocalists. Female singers such as Taka Boom, Dajae, Kym Simms,
Ann Nesby, Kim English, Jocelyn
Brown, Su Su Bobien, Ultra Naté, Lisa Shaw, and
Grace Jones are premier examples of fabulous Black dance divas.
Larry Levan and Grace
Jones
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